Posts
Linux Basics: Using Bash Exit Status
A command reports an exit status separately from the text it prints. In Bash on Debian and Ubuntu, zero normally means success and a nonzero value signals another outcome. Checking …
October 6, 2026
Linux Basics: Sorting and Counting Text Lines
A list becomes easier to inspect when repeated entries are grouped and counted. Debian and Ubuntu include sort, uniq, and wc for this work. They read ordinary text files without …
October 6, 2026
Linux Basics: Selecting Text Fields with cut
When each line contains fields separated by the same character, cut can extract just the columns you need. It is useful for simple lists and tab-separated data on Debian and …
October 6, 2026
Linux Basics: Inspecting Network Addresses and Ports
Inspect the network configuration before changing settings. Debian and Ubuntu provide ip and ss through the iproute2 package. These read-only commands normally work without sudo. …
October 6, 2026
Linux Basics: Checking File Integrity with SHA-256
A checksum is a value calculated from a file’s bytes. On Debian and Ubuntu, sha256sum can record that value and check whether the file still matches it later. This is useful after …
October 6, 2026
Linux Basics: Reusing Bash Command History
Bash can remember commands entered in an interactive terminal. History helps you reuse an earlier command. These examples assume Bash on Debian or Ubuntu with history enabled. List …
October 6, 2026
Linux Basics: Getting Help for Commands
You do not need to memorize every Linux command option. Debian and Ubuntu include several ways to ask a program or the shell for help. These examples assume you are using Bash. …
October 6, 2026
Linux Basics: Creating Symbolic Links
A symbolic link is a separate filesystem entry that stores a path to another file or directory. It gives you another name for reaching the target without copying its contents. …
October 6, 2026
Linux Basics: Comparing Files with diff and cmp
Before replacing a text file, it helps to see what changed. On Debian and Ubuntu, diff compares files line by line, while cmp compares their bytes. Prepare two versions Run mktemp …
October 6, 2026
Linux Basics: Checking System Information
Before troubleshooting a Linux machine, check which distribution and kernel it is running. These read-only commands work on Debian and Ubuntu and do not require sudo. Identify the …
October 6, 2026